Introduction to Environmental Science Essay

Be able to define an environmental factor. There are two types (condition and resource). What is the difference between a condition and a resource? Be able to categorize particular environmental factors as conditions OR resources (for example, temperature is a condition and not a resource). Be able to rank from smallest to largest: ecosystem, landscape, biome, biosphere Be able to rank from smallest to largest (in terms of numbers and diversity of life): species, population, biota and biosphere. Also, what is the difference between a population of a species and a species overall? Make sure you can explain the Law of Limiting Factors. What is the difference between the optimum conditions, the zones of tolerance and the zones of stress? Can life exist outside of the zones of tolerance? Outside of the zones of stress? Be able to list the primary atoms in organic compounds. What is the difference between a producer and a consumer? Be able to classify life as one or the other. Make sure you know the products and reactants for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. In each of the following cycles, be able to identify the primary source for each atom (atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere): Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorous cycle. Be able to categorize an environmental resistance factor as population density-dependent or density-independent. Some examples may include food availability, water availability, disease, temperature, wind and available space/shelter. What are biotic potential and environmental resistance, and how are they related? Be able to define critical number (what this means for a species survival), threatened and endangered. Make sure you can list characteristics of a K-strategist versus an r-strategist. Is an elephant a K- or r-strategist? What about a fly? Be able to describe, and identify, the following community interactions: predation, competition, mutualism, commensalism, amensalism. What is an adaptation? Be able to identify common types of adaptations of organisms (camouflage, prickles on cactus, ability to store water in the desert, hibernation in cold climates, long necks to reach food, etc. see table in your Power Point and textbook). See more: introduction paragraph example How does the process of selective pressure influence the processes of evolution and speciation? What IS the process of speciation? What is time frame for evolution and/or speciation of complex species (i.e., not single-celled organisms like bacteria)? Can species that evolve from other species still mate with the species from which they evolved? How are the Theories of Evolution and Continental Drift complimentary? Be able to identify the exponential growth rate equation and the logistic growth rate equation. What are the differences between the two? (For example, carrying capacity is only in logistic growth, the shapes of the curves are different.) Be able to describe how (in what way) each of the four human population revolutions impacted the carrying capacity for humans on Earth. Make sure you can tell me what each of the letters stands for in this equation, I = (P x A x T)/S, and how increasing and decreasing each will change environmental impact (I). Make sure you know what each of these trophic categories or food web terms are: Autotrophs, Heterotrophs (includes decomposers, consumers), Producers, Consumers (first-order, second-order, third-order). Where do herbivores, carnivores and omnivores fit into the consumer classes? Be able to list the 6 major biomes, and compare them in terms of precipitation and temperature (precipitation is the primary factor that determines biomes, and temperature is the second most important factor). What are common values that humans place on biodiversity? What was the goal of the Endangered Species Act? Does it protect the organism only, or also its habitat?

Anti-Intellectualism at College Universities

Education once existed as something very valuable, and something that only the very wealthy obtained. You were considered lucky to have the opportunity of getting an education, and not many took it for granted. Today, nearly everybody receives an education of some degree, and things have definitely changed. Students simply get educations because they are expected to or are required to. As the years have progressed, less and less students actually enjoy their education. You get labeled by many other students as weird or a freak if you enjoy learning. These kinds of ideas have led to and continue to lead to many problems relating to anti-intellectualism. Student’s anti-intellectualism has been increasing throughout the years, especially at college universities. This is a major problem because the trend is spreading around that it isn’t cool to put forth an effort or to enjoy your classes. Many college professors are very concerned that every year students have less and less motivation and are just attending college because they want a high paying salary after college. One English professor from the East coast said â€Å"most students nowadays are reluctant to learn and to think and resent being awakened from their stupor. I shudder when I consider the future of this country† (Trout). It scares a lot of people that this enormous group of unmotivated students is to someday be in charge of the country. The future of American society is at risk because of anti-intellectual ideas that are passed onto students because of the idea of wanting to be â€Å"cool†, students just going to college to make more money later, and university expectations decreasing because money has became the main priority rather than education. Firstly, the understanding of what an intellectual is has to be clear. According to Richard Hofstadter, who is a very famous American historian, he considers an intellectual someone who lives for ideas instead of someone who lives off of ideas. His input is significant because anti-intellectualism is basically his thing, and he was one of the first Americans to write about it. He goes onto say that two basic traits that intellectuals comprise of are playfulness and piety. By playfulness, he is referring to an individual’s curiosity and what makes their mind active. Piety is similar o an individual’s intensity and how passionate they are about their ideas and beliefs. All intellectuals should demonstrate these two traits according to him. (Hofstadter, 259-60) Using this definition, an anti-intellectual would be someone who isn’t curious or serious, so at colleges that would translate to students being uninterested in their classes/education. One important thing to look at is what education was like in the far past. Education was once valued very highly and you were considered lucky to have the opportunity to get an education. Mainly, only the rich and selected children received it. It meant a good future, and most kids took it very seriously. In the beginning of the 19th century, a primary education was the end of schooling for the greater part of students. Towards the 1830s, there started to become a demand for all children to have an opportunity of having an education. The 1870s marked when the United States had started to create education for the general public (Bradbury, 10). Today, education is more valued as something you have to get and something that the majority of people obtain, at least in the United States. As you can see, the opportunities for education have greatly opened up as time has progressed. This changing trend has caused students to take their educations for granted and develop a hatred towards school work. Overall, this growing trend is causing more and more students to avoid thinking for themselves and furthermore avoid having intellectual ideas because learning isn’t cool. Moving onto modern times, a survey taken at UCLA showed that a record high amount of high school students entering college were losing interest in their academic experiences. These same students surveyed also had committed less time to their homework/studying than before and had become bored with the idea of schooling. If students aren’t interested in their education, then why are they going to college? College is designed to be a place to receive a post-education. There are a lot of students who attend college because their parents made them or they think you have to or for the â€Å"fun. † Students who go to college without a desire to learn won’t get anything out of it. These kinds of students have a negative impact on students who actually value their education. They spread anti-intellectual ideas to students and give them the impression that they are unusual for aking pride in their education and cause them to become anti-intellectual because that is clearly the cool thing to do. More and more kids than ever before are arriving at colleges (Trout). This is good in a way because it means that many more people are getting a post-secondary education, but not all students are at college for the right reasons. The kind of students who go to college just to party or for reasons besides obtaining further education spread their anti-intellectual ideas around. Paul M. Levitt, professor at Colorado University, plainly says â€Å"many college kids are a sorry lot. Preoccupied with their hair, their clothes, their cars, they have never developed a critical turn of mind and have no interest in doing so. It does not bode well for higher education that many students entering college do not have anything resembling an intellectual life† (Trout). Students who don’t want a higher education shouldn’t go forth and attempt to get one if they aren’t serious about it. College should be a place that welcomes intellectuals and people who want to think for themselves rather than a place where you have to conform to thinking negatively about your classes. What is to become of our country if our generation all conforms to the same ideas? Professor of English at the University of Virginia, Mark Edmundson, suggests that students try very hard to fit in and not stand apart from others. He further goes onto say that for some reason showing your emotions, doing something different, or doing anything different than the norm will cause you to be disliked (Edmundson, 290). Obviously this is a problem because students have a desire to be â€Å"cool† by being like everyone else. Less and less students want to be different because they don’t want others to look down on them for not being like them. The idea of wanting to be cool has caused less intellectual ideas in a place where they should be booming. Another developing problem with anti-intellectualism at college universities is that kids are going to college solely so that they can make more money after college. Students think just because the majority of students go onto college that they should as well, which makes them anti-intellectual for just following others instead of doing what they wanted to do. About sixty ercent of high school graduates are estimated to go onto college or some form of higher education (Trout). A lot of times students may not even want to go to college, but they feel like if you don’t go to college, you are at a disadvantage. This is partially true because a lot of occupations that a degree is required for offer more money, but a lot of people end up going to college and end up not even using their degree because they find another job they enjoy more. Some people end up getting jobs that make a lot of money anyways though and hate their jobs, so that is hardly an advantage. Not everyone is meant to go to college, but for some reason the idea that you have to go to college to be successful has been portrayed. Also, President Obama has announced that he thinks every American should have at least one year of higher education, but on the contrary, high education experts agree that not everybody succeeds at college or belongs there (Olson). The president shouldn’t be saying things like this because it puts pressure on students to feel like they have to attend college. This has caused more anti-intellectuals who don’t belong at college to go and influence others. The next huge contributing factor to anti-intellectualism developing at universities is the universities themselves. Because of the growing amount of students bringing anti-intellectual ideas to the classrooms, universities have responded by lowering their standards. The reason for this is simply the more students the more money (Trout). Administrators have also been starting to create more interesting classes because of students disinterest in other courses (Bradbury, 14). The administrators are starting to create things to attract anti-intellectuals and are serving them instead of the intellectuals. College universities have become more interested in the money that the individuals bring rather than the individuals educations. Universities are setting up their campuses to be ideal for anti-intellectuals to succeed at. The fact that colleges are conforming to how the students act is a serious problem, and it concerns many experts about what is to happen in our countries future. Colleges have also started introducing a grade inflation to make it easier for students (Trout). College faculties are to blame mostly for that. The most likely reason for grade inflations would be because it keeps more students on campus. Students are earning higher grades for less work, which isn’t how it should be at all. Grade inflation and money are not related at all, so they shouldn’t have effects on each other. If this trend continues, the concept of a college degree is going to be lost because a college degree will become essentially something you can just buy. Something else that should be very alarming to intellectuals is that studies show many teachers are either anti-intellectualist to begin with or their career turns them into one. Studies have proved that the majority of teachers do not even read very much, and if they do it is normally not scholarly. Reading is something that makes individuals think and come up with intellectual ideas and teachers are starting to turn toward students habits of not reading. Further studies show that teachers who start their careers as intellectuals lose their passion over the years. These teachers either find a new job to avoid becoming an anti-intellectual or they continue teaching in a way that is unbeneficial to intellectuals. Also, many teachers do not encourage intellectualism because it teaches their students to question ideas and think things out thoroughly. Teachers see this as a threat to themselves if students start questioning them on their ideas. (Bradbury) If there aren’t any teachers to promote intellectualism, then more and more intellectuals will disappear. College universities are to blame the most for anti-intellectualism growing at their campuses. I say this because they are the ones that are encouraging the conditions by dumbing down their universities for the sake of money. Also, if they kept their standards high, that would mean less anti-intellectuals overall. College should be a place for intellectuals to strive, but universities have made it a place where people who hate it can succeed just the same. Universities ultimately can control their campus and who they let in and as of now, many universities are letting in about anybody who has a high school diploma and money. One of the first reforms that needs to be made at college universities is eliminating student evaluation of teachers. This whole concept of having the students evaluate a teacher’s ability is absurd. Seeing as how students today want a minimum amount of work, they will simply rate teachers who make it easy for them as excellent teachers. In reality, those teachers aren’t helping the students and rather are just obliging to what students want. The teacher then who gives students a lot of work and challenges them gets a worse rating from students. If universities are so interested in how the teacher is doing, I see no problem in the heads of departments just observing the class. They can make their own judgment based off what they saw, and it would most likely take less time than it takes to review all of the student evaluations. Student evaluations end up promoting anti-intellectualism more than it promotes good teaching methods. An alternative opinion to this would be that students are to put at blame because they are after all responsible for their own education. This is a valid argument because nobody can force a student to be an intellectual/anti-intellectual. The student is partially at fault if they attend a college for post education and then don’t even attempt to learn further. The flaw in this opinion is that most students coming into college are around the age of eighteen, so influences and their environment greatly affect them. If students show up to college, and the standards are set high and everybody knows that, then they are probably most likely going to try to put forth the same effort as everyone else. However, if they come to college, and they see students partying all the time because standards are set low, then that makes them want to put forth the minimal effort to get by. Putting forth a minimal effort and not living for anything would be an anti-intellectual lifestyle, which is the environment of many colleges. If our country continues along this path of intellectuals dominating, there will be numerous effects considering what has already happened over the last few decades. In 2002, it was recorded that sixty seven percent of college graduates read books for pleasure, while in 1982 it was eighty two percent. The decline of reading books is related closely to the incline of video games and the internet. The overall effects of anti-intellectualism are affecting more than just college students. Our country has changed a lot in a short period of time. From 1968 to 2000 the sound bites for presidential candidates has been dramatically reduced from 42. 3 seconds down to 7. 8 seconds. The public overall has lost a desire in obtaining knowledge. An example of this would be that twenty percent of Americans believe the Sun revolves around the Earth. (Jacoby) As you can see, our country has a dangerous future if these kinds of standards continue to be acceptable. In summary, the number of anti-intellectual students at colleges has been increasing from year to year. Students need to quit conforming to the ways of other students because they think not caring is the cool thing to do, and more importantly, the colleges need to accept the right kind of students instead of just anyone who has the money for it. The future of American society is at risk because of anti-intellectual ideas that are passed onto students because of the idea of wanting to be â€Å"cool†, students just going to college to make more money later, and university expectations decreasing because money has become the top priority rather than education, and ultimately the universities are required to incorporate intellectual ideas and challenges into their classrooms if anything is to change. If anti-intellectual ideas are continued to be brought to college by students and encouraged by universities, our country has a frightening future.

The Battle of Waterloo

he The Battle of Waterloo Napoleon was just recently made emperor again in France in 1815. And his enemy’s had already formed an alliance against him. He only had one way to stay emperor and that was to fight his way through it. He had one main goal in his grand strategy to win the war and that was to isolate the allied and Prussian armies, and annihilate each one separately. This was a great strategy in theory because if he could destroy the coalition forces before they were reinforced then he might be able to drive the British back to the sea and knock the Prussian’s out of the war.This ended up leading to the strategy proper of the war because Napoleon knew that the British and Prussian armies were trying to meet up so he marched his army to a spot where he was in between them. Once his army was in the middle he ended up hitting the British on the west side and the Prussians on the east side. When Wellington saw how fast the French were moving he knew he had to act f ast so he concentrated most of his troops at Quatre-Bras so that he could hold a tenuous position against the soldiers of Ney’s left wing.The grand tactics come in when Napoleon wants Ney to take the crossroads of Quatre-Bras so that way he can go reinforce him if needed. This led to the battle against the British there, where the French were being held off pretty well. But while this was happening the French attacked the Prussians at Ligny and were able to defeat them which made holding Quatre-Bras for the British untenable. So the British retreated and marched north parallel to the Prussians retreat.These precursor battles affected the culminating campaign battle because a lot of men were lost and a portion of Napoleons’ army was off searching for the retreating Prussians at the time of Waterloo. There were many battlefield maneuvers that impacted the outcomes of the battles. One was when Wellington had ordered in reinforcements for Quatre-Bras. This was good because they were starting to lose the battle until the reinforcements got there and then they were able to push Ney’s forces back.The next maneuver was when the Prussians had been defeated they were able to retreat unnoticed from the French. The Prussians getting away without the French knowing was big because they were able to make it back to Wavres where there reinforcements were so that they could have a fresh new army to fight them with. This leads to another maneuver, which happened once Napoleon finally realized the Prussians had retreated. Napoleon decided to send a big chunk of his army after the Prussians even though his army would be around 2 days behind them.This was a bad move because then when the French army reached Waterloo he now had to face the British and the Prussians combined without part of his army to use. Another maneuver was when Napoleon tried to do a faint attack at Hogomouh but it doesn’t work and because of that he loses much more troops then need ed; this lead to the eventual loss of the war. And the last battle maneuver was when Wellington had his army hide behind a ridge and therefore Ney believed they were retreating and sent his cavalry after them.Once his cavalry got over the ridge they were annihilated by the British infantry, which eventually led to them losing the battle. Napoleon as a general made some bad choices during these battles. One bad choice he made was not following the Prussians right away when they retreated. Because of this the Prussians were able to get back to their reinforcements and then were able to meet up with the British. Another bad choice Napoleon made was when he decided to wait 4 hours to battle because he wanted the ground to dry to help his cavalry and artillery.Because of this move he allowed the Prussians enough time to get to the battle and now he had to fight two armies instead of one. And the next bad decision Napoleon made was sending his cavalry on an assault on Mont Saint Jean beca use he took a big loss on cavalry from that. One of the key reasons why Napoleon and his French army were defeated was because of the attack at Hogomouh. He lost a lot more troops then he needed to which did not help him in the long run. The next reason why he was defeated is because of the imperial guard attack.In this attack he lost a lot of cavalry that could have helped out later in the war. And the final key reason Napoleons army lost was that he delayed one of the battles. Because he delayed attacking it gave the Prussians enough time to arrive and help out the British. Overall Napoleon made some key decisions that turned out to lead to his defeat. Sources â€Å"Battle of Waterloo. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Web. 08 Nov. 2011. â€Å"The Battle of Waterloo: 18 June 1815. †Ã‚  Home Page. Trans. Marjorie Bloy. 5 Jan. 2011. Web. 08 Nov. 2011. â€Å"BBC – History – British History in Depth: The Battle of Waterloo. †Ã‚  BBC – Homepage. Web. 08 Nov. 201 1.

Review of an academic research paper Literature

Of an academic research paper - Literature review Example The objectives and process behind developing effective simulation model have practical approach. The process is emphasizing not only on the participant personality but also on the designers personality which will help in model development. The author has explained the effectiveness of simulation in light of internal, external and educational validity. The subject most emphasized upon in this article is â€Å"educational validity† and the factors that influence its effectiveness. These factors are (a) simulation design, which emphasizes that simulation should be an accurate representative of the real world; and (b) implementation of simulation, which involves the involvement of participants (Stainton, Johnson & Borodzicz, 2010, p.707). The algorithmic validity and inaccurate representative of real world are the concerned issues. Although the simulation model is excellent, but if it cannot link up with real world scenarios, then such models are useless. Moreover, participants of the simulation should be self-motivated. The participant’s motivation can be assessed by the different motivation theories. So participant’s level of motivation is considered to be the moderating factor, which can increase the learning process. Along with participants, designer’s attribute carry an equivalent weight, while assessing simulation model for its learning effectiveness. Firstly, the designer of the model should be having respective expertise for which the simulation model is being made. Furthermore, designer should be unbiased while constructing the model. The research methodology framework for educational validity assessment has provided guidelines regarding problems that arise while building, implementing, and analyzing the simulation model. It includes formulation objectives, propositions, research designs, and instruments, which will then be analyzed; whether or not these instruments are good predictors of

Media Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Analysis - Research Paper Example Some sources also helped to reform the nation in better way. Among those sources films, songs and political cartoons were playing important part. These all were worked for the purpose of motivation and for changing the views of the political leaders and parties. Describing about the importance of each of the above mentioned methods this can be said that each of them were equally important during the post civil war period in America. Political cartoons never failed to create patriotism and enthusiasm which were very much important for the civilian in the post war period. Thomas Nast was playing an important role in this particular field. He was the famous as the father of American political cartoonist. The young generation was also attracted by the political cartoons and these cartoons directed their views in proper and right way so that future generation has not to face the trouble of civil war. Public opinions were reflected regarding the situation and affect of war through the cartoon figures (Hogge, 2008). Some film makers also took initiative to focus on the certain pictures such as scale of death in war through some documentary films. Drew Gilpin Faust, Eric Foner etc were some renowned film makers who made such kind of documentary fil ms. American sheet music also provided significant perspective on the history of civil war during the post war period. There was 3, 042 pieces of sheet music at that point of time which influenced the people of nation. The collection of music included political music, patriotic music, sad songs etc which had strong impact especially on the young generation. At that point of time music was a form of propaganda. During the post civil war period illiteracy rate was high especially in the rural areas and communication system was poor. In that situation sheet music was an important way to convey the positive messages to the people of those rural areas. The most important

Indigenous land claims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Indigenous land claims - Essay Example In fact, even after gaining independence and sovereignty, the colonial masters have always been reluctant to hand over indigenous land to the indigenous people. Landlessness is one of the significant indicators of extreme poverty levels across the globe. Actually, poor citizens mostly live in rural areas, rely on agriculture, and agricultural labor to survive. However, they do not own these pieces of land (Landesa, 2012, p.1). In the modern times, all land belongs to the government with the citizens exercising use and care over land. Through various government land commissions, the government issues ownership certificates to qualified individuals, regulates and controls use of all land in a given state. Possession, use, registration, or even land claims are important yet very difficult procedures in matters relating to land. It is usually very difficult for the government to honor indigenous land rights and land claims have always resulted to violence and court cases.  However, the re have been various claims over land all over the world by the indigenous people in specific nations from the government, colonial masters, or caretakers. A land claim is a formal statement submitted to the federal and/or provincial government by an Aboriginal community asserting violation to commitments or obligations relating to Aboriginal land rights (Darling, 2012, p.1). While it is much easier to launch a land claim against a registered land, it is much difficult to claim a right over unregistered land. This paper will address the content and significance of the central land rights claims made by indigenous people, mostly indigenous people in Australia. Like other traditional inhabitants, the indigenous people of Australia have been in existence, occupying, and using indigenous land for more than 60 000 years. Although they have greatly evolved with time just like the uses of land, the significance of land in sustaining

Smartphone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smartphone - Essay Example The will be able to produce a cell that can retain charge for a long time and which is appealing to their consumers because of its light weight. The company will incur a cost of ?830,000 to make a slim durable cell. This will enable them to capture the Smartphone market before the Korean rivals. For MidlandsPhones to be able to achieve their targets, they will have to commit a lot of resources to accomplish this undertaking. The company has adequately planned for skilled directors and other staff members to execute the plan (Lewis, 200, p. 65). The aim of the MidlandsPhones Company is to launch their product before the December so that during the vacation, they can be able to make significant sales. Another target is to be the first company to enter into the market with a light and long lasting battery for a Smartphone (Sheila, 2008). Finally, the company will have to carry out thorough market research to ensure they have an adequate potential to meet customers’ requirements. As a result, the company has set aside a lot of resources to complete their project with the set time and achieve their objectives. Getting into the market earlier than before the entry of any other rival is crucial because it will help the MidlandsPhones Company to capture market share and strengthen their competitive potential. This company will also be able to raise enough funds to cover for expenses incurred during research. It will also help them to mitigate the anticipated decline in market growth in the year 2013 as a result of increasing rivalry. The MidlandsPhones Company has partnered with PowerDev Company to ensure the proposed plan has succeeded. They have formed a strong production and marketing team who will avail the product for sale after four months once the project commences. The MidlandsPhones will also be able to utilize the resources available for the project and work within the set time to ensure smooth running of the activities. This will assist them to avoid unnecessary delays which would otherwise result to stiff rivalry from other producers. Having experienced project team is of paramount importance because it will ensure efficiency of resource use and timely launching of the product. Question 2: Reasons for Venture Preparation and Appendices (a). Scope (appendix 1) The project staff should set the time period with which they will achieve their specific goals (Urquhart-Brown, 2008, p. 54). They should also establish qualified project workers which will ensure the set goals are achieved within specified time. In addition, they should utilize all the available resources effectively to ensure the plans are attained. The staff should set the means and frequency of disseminating of information within themselves and with the company’s management to ensure adequate coordination of the activities. The MidlandsPhones will launch the new Smartphone with light and durable battery towards the end of November 2012. To ensure this plan is ac hieved, the company has established a strong establishment staff headed by an experienced production and marketing manager who will direct the members during the entire project period. The project staff will work to ensure the product is ready for market starting on first December 2013. The staff will also mobilize all the available resources to ensure the company’s target is achieved. They will also ensure that the company’

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

History Discussion - Research Paper Example The passage of Missouri compromise was very important in that it was the first attempt to get a solution to the matter concerning slavery. But, it is also significant to note that it did not remove the underlying problems. There still existed free and slave States and the divisions over slavery would take years and bloody outbreak of civil war to resolve the issue. The Missouri Compromise in 1820 was engineered to allow Missouri to become a slave State while Maine on the other side a Free State. In this manner, the number of Slave and Free States in America would in turn become equal leading to a balanced share of power in Congress without any State or region benefiting at the expense of the other. The most significant aspect of the Missouri compromise was that there was an agreement that no State or territory to the North of Missouri Southern Border could accept to enter the Union as State that accepted slavery (Burgan 44). This part of compromise eventually stopped slavery from spreading to the rest of Louisiana Purchase. The Northern States strongly opposed slavery while the Southern States were in favor of it. Expansion of slavery in the U.S would imply that there would be an increase in territorial population and space. This at the end would mean that the Southern States had more power or increased power in the House. In addition, the Southern States had less black population as compared to the Northern States. The U.S House had three fifth of black population while the rest was white population. Therefore, approval of Missouri as a slave Sate would imply that there would be increased Southern representation in the House thus making the Northern States insecure. In addition, the Missouri compromise of 1820 made the congress to reach a compromise over slavery issue in that it reached its first compromise on how to regulate slavery in new States and Territories. While the

How the Black Death Transformed the Role of States Essay

How the Black Death Transformed the Role of States - Essay Example This paper discusses the impact of the Black Death on the role of states. The Response of the State to the Black Death From the 16th century, the state had persuaded the city government, the London Corporation, to take steps to stop the pestilence and other maladies. The frequently recommended solution was a kind of quarantine, where the afflicted were prohibited to leave their homes.ii Theodore de Mayerne, the king’s physician, produced a statement in the 1630s indicating a stricter regulation for food distribution, removal of beggars, and widespread cleansing. Furthermore, he suggested that a public health centre be formed, with power over issues of beggars, cleanliness and sanitation, and health assistance.iii Even though the physician received due respect from the king’s counsellors, his recommendations were immediately overlooked after the plague had stopped. In the period after the 1640s deaths from pestilence were unusual, and the ‘pesthouses’ where the afflicted were confined had been renovated for other functions. A lot of physicians, by 1665, had never observed the typical indications of the epidemic, and London stayed defenceless.iv The Royal College of Physicians, the certifying association for physicians, had been licensed by Henry VIII and had been an esteemed organisation. However, by 1665, its power was greatly diminished due to its historical connection with the state, oppositions from other associations, like the Society of Chemical Physicians, and the reality that only a few Royal College physicians were working in the city, and several doctors could simply be identified as frauds whose certification had been coerced by King Charles on the Royal College.v Yet, when the Black Death stormed, the Royal College suggested medications and public health actions to mitigate the predicament. The Royal College also financially supported medications for the infected people who could not pay for them. Additional pesthouses were hurriedly constructed, and alleged ‘plague nurses’ were assigned to look after the afflicted, even though many thought that their major interest was to speed up their demise so they could steal from them.vi As usual, the state attempted to fight the pestilence by removing beggars and wandering merchants from the streets, shutting down courts, schools, and other establishments, and implementing quarantine on the afflicted and their families. London’s economic being was plunged into pandemonium, and countless animals were exterminated due to suspicions that they carry the virus.vii State-supported exterminators were hired to eradicate cats and dogs and received two pence for each animal as wage. This was a big pay at that time, and Daniel Defoe, who presented a description of the pestilence, assessed that 200,000 cats and 40,000 dogs were killed, and usually the remains were left to rot in the streets, hence worsening the already revolting reek in the city.viii Th ese actions only made the rat population bigger, because nobody knew in during this time that these pests were the main virus-carriers. In September, the state ordered the kindling of flares to expel the epidemic from the air. Countless were dying successively that burying the deceased became a serious hygiene problem. Digging of mass graves was the initial response of the state, but there were very few gravediggers.ix At last, when the October weather chilled, the number of deaths dropped and

You Are What You Eat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

You Are What You Eat - Essay Example It is no longer dominated by small, carefully-run family farms producing some wheat, corn, dairy and perhaps eggs and poultry fed and being raised in a free-running farm area., but rather, it is dominated and run by huge multinational food processing companies whose aim is to make more profit and compete for a global position in terms of the best companies. These companies forget that they are dealing with nourishment products for the health of millions of Americans and therefore be more cautious and humane in the food they produce and even how they produce and package it.In their greediness to expand their business, these food companies engage in lying behaviors and techniques since they are aware that majority of the people are ignorant when buying food from supermarkets and others have no clue of the nutritional content and simply trust the company or the product in the supermarket. The lies are therefore numerous and they often start here during production and even transportation and preservation. If you look at a tomato, you may think of a green ripened vegetable that is going to nourish your body and you may feel pretty optimistic purchasing this item to eat or sharing it with your family. In actuality, that is more like a concept of a tomato. By this I mean this tomato may have been picked days earlier in another country by migrant farmers- before it was ripe. Then ripped by ethylene gas, shipped off in a semi-truck soaked with more toxic chemicals and now sits under fluorescent lights.

Change using frame theory of Kurt Lewin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change using frame theory of Kurt Lewin - Essay Example These stages are unfreezing, movement, and refreezing stages. Unfreezing is the stage when the person needing the changes realizes and accepts that the change is needed. In the stage of movement, the suitable approaches and measures are decided that would actually bring about the changes in the needed, ensuring that the driving forces can positively influence the person towards the change (Marquis and Huston, 2009, pp.167-169). The last stage is the refreezing stage where the change stabilizes the system and hence the change gets integrated into the life of the person. Without this stage, the change would remain ineffective (Marquis and Huston, 2009, pp.167-169). The study of Lewin was focused on a deep understanding of the mind of the humans and their personalities. This is particularly suitable in regard to the fact that the factors that influence individuals vary from person to person and hence understanding of such driving forces need to be identified (Friedman, 2008, p.238). This particular theory would enable to bring about change in the person, say ABC, talked about in this study where the following steps would be considered. Step 1: Unfreezing: In this step, ABC will be tried to be communicated and understood how overweight and hypertension are harmful for the health, and that control on these factors is essential. The negative effects of ice-cream, cheese cake and heavy meals will also be explained to him. Step 2: Movement: In this step the step 1 will be performed with the help of the driving forces of ABC. The major driving forces of ABC are his family and his girlfriend. Thus his family members and his girlfriend will have to take the initiative to constantly talk to him about how he can positively influence his life avoiding the heavy meals and ice-creams. This can be achieved through offering him with other healthy foods and habits such as exercises, tours, visits to different places that he would enjoy and not indulge in bad

The Game of Life Essay Example for Free

The Game of Life Essay Who can really play the â€Å"game† of life? In the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, the main character, Holden Caulfield, states, â€Å"Game, my ass. Some game. If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it’s a game, all right? I’ll admit that. But if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot-shots, then what’s a game about it? Nothing. No game† (8). This statement is true because it is the people who have success, fame, and fortune that can play the â€Å"game† of life and win in it. So why can only these people play the â€Å"game† of life? A â€Å"hot-shot† is a person of great success. Those on the â€Å"other side† do not have this success and are therefore at a disadvantage. It is the people who have succeeded in life that continue to succeed and eventually win in life. Although success cannot be exactly measured, a person cannot succeed without having prior success. For example, a person cannot be an aspiring artist, singer, or author without having succeeded in that field before. Because of this lack of success, those on the â€Å"other side† cannot play the â€Å"game† of life. â€Å"Hot-shots† do not only have success however. By putting himself on the â€Å"other side†, Holden alienates himself from the rest of society and may therefore mean that those on the â€Å"other side† are as well alienated from society. Those on the â€Å"other side† cannot play the â€Å"game† of life because it is the people who have fame and recognition who are successful. They have support, experience with people, and connections. Because the people alienated from society lack these advantages, they cannot play the â€Å"game† of life. Furthermore, there is another factor which whether a person can play the â€Å"game† of life. People usually associate success with money, or fortune. When a person has great fortune, they have great success. This fortune however is what makes the â€Å"hot-shots† successful in the first place. Fortune is not only defined as money though. It includes any type of resource or pure serendipity. All fortune however makes people successful, either by allowing them an education or opening up opportunities that would not be available without it. People on the â€Å"other side† do not have fortune and therefore do not have the means to play the â€Å"game† of life. So who can really play the â€Å"game† of life? â€Å"Hot-shots† are the one who can play the â€Å"game†. Their access to success, fame, and fortune allows them to play the â€Å"game† of life and win in it. Those on the â€Å"other side† do not have access to these advantages and can therefore not play the â€Å"game† of life and not win in life. It is not until a person transitions into the â€Å"hot-shot† side can they truly be successful in life.

Tree of Life in Evolution: A Discussion

Tree of Life in Evolution: A Discussion Introduction The tree of life in science describes the relationships of all life on Earth in an evolutionary context. Charles Darwin talks about envisioning evolution ; however, the books sole illustration is of a branched diagram that is very tree-like. The evolutionary relationships of the tree of life were refined using genetic data by the great American microbiologist Carl Woese, the discoverer of the domain Archaea and a pioneer in genetic methods in evolutionary biology. Homology and homoplasy are two aspects of evolution. Homology is the concept where two similar structures have the same functions and they are derived through descent from a common ancestor. The two other external factors affecting genetic variation Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation. Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation are the yin and the yang of the evolutionary process. They are very important to make evolution possible. Each of them is different in evolutionary impact. Vertically generated variation is highly restricted in character, it amounts to variations on a lineages existing cellular themes. Whereas for horizontal transfer, it can call on the diversity of the entire biosphere and systems that have evolved under all manner of conditions, in a great variety of different cellular environments. Thus, horizontally derived variation is the major evolutionary source of true innovation in novel enzymatic pathways and novel membrane transporter. Vertically generated variation is not very easy to manage and use. Vertically generated variation hold the key to the evolution of biological complexity and specificity. The essence of vertically generated variation on a lineages existing themes is the principal way in which biological specificity and cellular integration evolve. A horizontal acquisition of true novelty and a predominantly vertical generation of complexity and functional differentiation, and integration are the two forces whose interchange propels the evolution of the cell. Although horizontal transfer and vertical inheritance generally have very different evolutionary consequences, there are conditions important in the present context under which their effects copy one another, like two peas in a pod. Horizontal gene transfer is any process which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism. By comparing with vertical transfer, it occurs when an organism receives genetic material from its ancestor like its evolved parent. Most scientists have focused on vertical transfer, but there is a awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon, and amongst single-celled organisms are the dominant form of genetic transfer. Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering. The Cambrian explosion The Cambrian explosion or radiation was the seemingly rapid appearance of most major groups of complex animals around 530 million years ago, as evidenced by the fossil record. This was accompanied by a major diversification of other organisms, including animals, phytoplankton, and calcimicrobes. Before about 580 million years ago, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude in terms of the extinction and origination rate of species and the diversity of life began to resemble today. The Cambrian explosion has generated extensive scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the Primordial Strata was noted as early as the mid 19th century,and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection. The long-running puzzlement about the appearance of the Cambrian fauna, seemingly abruptly and from nowhere, centers on three key points: whether there really was a mass diversification of complex organisms over a relatively short period of time during the early Cambrian; what might have caused such rapid evolution; and what it would imply about the origin and evolution of animals. Interpretation is difficult due to a limited supply of evidence, based mainly on an incomplete fossil record and chemical signatures left in Cambrian rocks. The Cambrian explosion can be viewed as two waves of metazoan expansion into empty niches. Firstly, a co-evolutionary rise in diversity as animals explored niches on the Ediacaran sea floor, followed by a second expansion in the early Cambrian as they became established in the water column. The rate of diversification seen in the Cambrian phase of the explosion is unparalleled among marine animals: it affected all metazoan clades of which Cambrian fossils have been found. Later radiations, such as those of fish in the Silurian and Devonian periods, involved fewer taxa, mainly with very similar body plans. Although the recovery from the Permian-Triassic extinction started with about as few animal species as the Cambrian explosion, the recovery produced far fewer significantly new types of animals. Whatever triggered the early Cambrian diversification opened up an exceptionally wide range of previously-unavailable ecological niches. When these were all occupied, there was little room for such wide-ranging diversifications to occur again, because there was strong competition in all niches and incumbents usually had the advantage. If there had continued to be a wide range of empty niches, clades would be able to continue diversifying and become disparate enough for us to recognise them as different phyla when niches are filled, lineages will continue to resemble one another long after they diverge, as there is limited opportunity for them to change their life-styles and forms. There is a similar one-time explosion in the evolution of land plants: after a cryptic history beginning about 450 million years ago, land plants underwent a uniquely rapid adaptive radiation during the Devonian period, about 400 million years ago. Different Historical Fossil Records Of Plant And Animal Life Plant life during the cambrian and ordovician which are the first two periods of the paleozoic era was confined to the water. Algae of immense size several hundred feet in length dominated the seas. Land plants came into existence in silurian time in the form of strange little vascular plants named the psilophytes. In the carboniferous period, imposing spore bearing trees lepidodendrids and calamites, and primitive naked seeded plants pteridosperms and cordaites reached their peak of development. The end of the paleozoic era marked the extinction of the majority of the luxuriant trees of the carboniferous coal swamps. The mesozoic era was the age of gymnosperms as evidenced by the abundance of cycads, ginkgoes and conifers. Flowering plants in the form of angiosperm rose to ascendancy toward the close of the mesozoic era and established themselves as the dominant plant group on the earth. In animal life, many of the invertebrate groups were already highly diversified and abundant in the cambrian the first period of the paleozpic era 600 million years ago. The paleozoic era called the age of invertebrates with its multitude of nautiloids, eurtpterids and trilobites. Brachiopods with hinged valves were the commonest shellfish of the paleozoic seas. In the mesozic era, the air breathing insects and vertebrates in the shape of the widely distributed reptiles held the center of the stage. Birds and mammals became prominent in the cenozoic era and the human species arrived on the scene in the closing stages of this era. Paleontologist study the fossil record based on boundaries between strata where one mix of fossils gives way to another. Transitional links are intermediate between major groups. Archeopteryx has features intermediate between primitive reptiles and birds. Eustheopteron is fish ancestral to amphibians. Seymoria is amphibian ancestral to reptiles. Therapsids are reptiles ancestral to mammals. Data are understandable assuming humans and chimpanzees share a more recent commn ancestor than do humans and ducks or yeast. Biochemical evidence is generally consistent with anatomical similarity of organisms. Tortoises, lizards, sunflower trees and other unqiue plants and animals on the islands were similar to forms on the mainland of south american as they were descended from those organisms. The differences between each island group resulted from the inhabitants of each island having been isolated from each other and changing slowly and separately in response to the conditions on their own island. Factors Affecting The Pace Of Species Evolution The factors affecting species who had evolved significantly overtime while other species did not evolve as much are due to biological factors like point mutation and viruses infection where DNA is easily attacked and attracted by viruses. There are also one other important factor that support it. Natural selection, in the form of overproduction of offspring, constancy of numbers, struggle for existence where members of a species were constantly competing with each other in an effort to survive and only a few will live long enough to breed. There were also variation among the offspring, survival of the fittest where only the strongest will survive the tough condition. Like produce like and last but not least, the formation of new species where individuals lacking favourable characteristic are less likely to survive long enough to breed. The inheritance of one small variation will not by itself produce a new species. However, the development of a number of variations in a particular di rection over many generation will gradually lead to the evolution of a new species. Conclusion The prokaryotes, the bacteria and archaea have the ability to transfer genetic information between unrelated organisms through Horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Recombination, gene loss, duplication, and gene creation are a few of the processes by which genes can be transferred within and between bacterial and archael species, causing variation that is not due to vertical transfer. There is emerging evidence of HGT occurring within the prokaryotes at the single and multicell level and the view is now emerging that the tree of life gives an incomplete picture of lifes evolution. It was a useful tool in understanding the basic processes of evolution but cannot explain the full complexity of the situation. Ultimately, i concluded that tree of life is correct and accurate to a certain extent but the informations obtained was not enough and completed. REFERENCE HTTP://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf HTTP://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/15/8392.pdf Futuyma, D. J. (1998) Evolutionary Biology. 3rd edn. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Assiociates, Inc. Long, J. A. (1995) The Rise Of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution. Australia, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Solomon, E. P, Berg, L. R Martin D. W. (2002) Biology. 6th edn. Thomson Learning, Inc.

A Comparison Between Death of a Naturalist and Digging Essay examples -

A Comparison Between Death of a Naturalist and Digging For GCSE course work we have to compare two poems from a foreign culture. The two poems we picked were both by the popular Irish poem ‘Seamus Heaney.’ The two poems we’re looking at ‘Death of a Naturalist’ and ‘Digging’ could be seen as autobiographical. ‘Death of a Naturalist’ is basically about a young boy who had a keenness for nature, which has disintegrated throughout a summer. ‘Digging’ is about the poet remembering his childhood, he writes about about digging as though it is patriotic of his family. He talks about fore fathers and how he will continue this tradition, not by digging on a farm but with his pen, writing. Although with seemingly different storylines, the poems actually start off quite similarly; with both poems taking you back you a specific time in the poets’ childhood. In ‘Digging’ the poet is remembering other people in his life, like his grandfather and father but with ‘Death of a Naturalist’ his memories are all introspective. In both poems the original plot is elaborated upon with ‘Death of a Naturalist’ taking a negative line and ‘Digging’ turning positive. In ‘Death of a Naturalist’ the poem is split into two stanzas; this separates the poets’ opinion in two, full of enthusiasm in one ‘I would fill jam pots full of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ To the lack of enthusiasm in the second ‘I sickened, turned, and ran’ ‘Digging’ is split into many stanza’s of seemingly almost random length, nut when you look closer you see that they get longer when the poem read to better things, for example the poet get most enthusiastic when he remembers his grandfather this is reflected in the fact that this stanza is by far the longest at eight lines. .. ...athered there for vengeance’ There are examples of onomatopoeia in both poems although it isn’t used at length in either. I noticed ‘slap’ is used in both poems, both in descriptions of mud or dirt sentences, showing the link in the poets’ language. Overall I enjoyed both poems though I did prefer ‘Digging’ as I like the way the poet flicked back and forth through time. I could also visualise this poem more, like a film, which I liked. I also like the cast use of alliteration which made the poem kind of roll off your tongue. There is also a really good use of onomatopoeia in the poem in the second stanza. ‘Under my window a clean rasping sound’ This sentence really draws you into the poem and you can almost hear the rasping as the shovel sinks into the ground. To sum up, all of these factors and more are the reason as to why I prefer ‘Digging’

Advertising and Childhood Obesity Essay -- Health, Diseases

According to the Centers for Disease Control (2007), the rate of obesity among children between the ages of six and eleven in the United States has increased about five times compared with the rate in the 1970s (Yu 87). There are over nine million children in the U.S. today between the ages of six and eleven who are considered to be obese (Yu 87). The real question is what is the exact cause of obesity in children today? Some people believe there is a link between the advertising children see on TV and obesity. There are many factors that lead up to childhood obesity. Children and adolescents, who are obese, are usually caused by several things. Both exposure to television food advertising and obesity are highly linked with the time children spend in front of the television, the parenting style and exposure to other kids of marking (Veerman). Here are some of the factors that may contribute to childhood obesity: lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, genetics, social factors, media, and the environment. Advertising does not contribute to childhood obesity alone and solely targeting advertising as being the only factor will not make a huge impact on this ever-growing problem ("Childhood Obesity"). Some people argue that advertising is the only link but I will explain to you the reasons that I believe work together to cause the obesity epidemic. The first cause that I will be talking about is advertising. The television market spends 10 billion on advertising in the hopes of influencing children (Zimmerman 336). The most common product advertised on television is food ads. During Saturday morning cartoons children will be exposed to one commercial pertaining to food around every five minutes (Zimme... ...es and lead by example the kinds of food you buy for them. If they see you buying the healthy, nutritious foods than they will most likely buy them as well. If parents are more responsible, when it comes to teaching their children how to live a healthier lifestyle, we will probably see more of a decrease in childhood obesity. As I have explained there are many factors that contribute to childhood obesity. I don't think they the issue can be linked to just the advertising to children alone. I have told you about some of the other factors that combined together contribute to childhood obesity. They include but are not limited to advertising, convenience of fast food, genetics, the environment and one of the biggest contributions, parental influence. If you find your child heading in the direction of childhood obesity consider all the things I talked about.

Why Are Gasoline Prices Going Up So High? Essay examples -- essays res

Why Are Gasoline Prices Going Up So High? If everyone else in the world is paying a lot more for gas, why shouldn't Americans? Take your average spoiled American who blames the Arabs for raising the gas prices unfairly in order to make a bigger profit. It's true, gas prices have gone up by a lot in the last few months, but is that unfair? Prices still are a lot higher in Canada, Europe and just about any other developed nation, according to Mike Royko in the May 2, 1996 issue of the Chicago Tribune. Ted Z. Manuel in a letter entitled "Voice of the People" of the Chicago Tribune, said "Most anywhere in Europe, gas costs are from $3.00 to $5.00 per gallon. We scream when it hits a $1.35 to $1.75 a gallon, which if adjusted for inflation actually is cheaper than 25 years ago." It seems that Americans just think the world owes them a favor. Maybe it's time that they start playing fairly and stop feeling so sorry for themselves!!! According to many articles, Americans have a lot more to be thankful for than they do to complain about. For one, cars use gas a lot more efficiently than they did in the past. According to Royko, "even today's luxury cars give you better gas mileage than the cheapest Chevies, Fords and Plymouths did not that long ago." What does this mean? This means that gas prices should logically go up. It's the basic law of supply and demand. It's true that more Americans are driving, but the gasoline suppliers still deserve to get p...

Does management affect coastal processes at Walton-on-the-Naze?

Walton-on-the-Naze is a small retirement town, located near Colchester via the A133 with a population of 40,000. Run by tendering local authority it relies mostly on tourism economically, which is one of the reasons they have a coastal management scheme which has recently been extended to the north to protect the luxurious houses situated there. In the course of this project I will be investigating the ways in which management has been used in Walton-on-the-Naze to prevent and encourage different coastal processes in order to stop the cliff retreating and then comparing this to the unprotected cliffs and beaches in Walton to find out if management truly does affect the coastal processes present there. Coastal processes affect our lives. Our families pay taxes to go towards coastal protection etc. which is essential for the whole town to function and benefit the whole community. I have decided to study Walton-on-the-Naze for a number of reasons. Firstly it is the nearest place along the coast to Southend which has unprotected cliffs as well as protected ones. At Walton the geology is the same and the processes are very similar along with the protection. Also Walton is subjected to much more energy from the sea than Southend. There are various ways the coast can be managed, firstly I will explain how the cliffs can be protected. Cliffs are protected in two places, the cliff face and the cliff foot. Energy from the sea in the form of destructive waves can undercut the cliff over time, this causes a cliff collapse because the weight cannot be supported now undercutting has taken place. To combat this, at the cliff foot a sea wall may be built to act like a natural barrier against the sea, along with a revetment to further decrease the energy of the waves. Or groynes could be put in place to encourage a build up of sand and create a â€Å"beach.† This is why beaches are usually sloping towards the sea to make the waves break and decreases the energy they have. The incoming destructive waves break on the sand and cause a weak swash up the beach followed by a strong backwash which has more energy than the swash and ‘drags' sand back down the beach, although this is partly complicated by prevailing winds and LSD which I will go on to explain further later on in this project. Also as waves undercut the cliff rubble collects at the foot of the cliff and acts like a natural barrier in some places, this can also be recreated by man by placing massive rocks and boulders at the foot of the cliffs to protect them, this is usually called rip-rap and is the cheapest and easiest method of management. On the cliff face Gabions can be put on which are basically mesh boxes to keep the rock in place and catch any loose rocks. Cliff ‘pinning' is another way the rock can be kept in place. Vegetation may also be planted there to hold together the rock and prevent erosion, along with sculpturing and draining of the cliff face. It is very important that these two areas are integrated, for you cannot only protect the cliff face and not the cliff foot and you cannot only protect the cliff foot and not the cliff face! These types of management are put into two categories – hard engineering and soft engineering. Hard engineering is physically building something e.g. a Sea wall. Whereas soft engineering e.g. planting is a far more natural management process. We as humans can only militate the worst effects of flooding, that is to say that floods are always going to happen, we cannot stop them. Instead sea walls and tidal barriers are put in place to reduce the energy of the destructive waves produced crashing against the cliffs. If this management was not put in place coasts would be forever retreating causing chaos and destruction that would not be tolerable in today's society. Now I will go on to describe the coastal processes involved. There are 4 main types of coastal processes that affect the cliffs and coast at Walton-on-the-Naze, these are: 1. Destructive Waves (erosion) 2. Long shore Drift 3. Slumping 4. Deposition Some of these processes must be encouraged and some must be discouraged in order for management to be successful. Destructive waves and erosion along with long shore drift and slumping must be discouraged whereas deposition must be encouraged, next I will go on to explain what each of these processes is, does to the coast and why they must be either encouraged or discouraged. The coast is a narrow contact zone between land and sea. The effects of land, air and marine processes are constantly changing it. But on most coastlines the dominant process results from the action of waves. Although destructive waves are usually resultant from storms out at sea and have much more energy than ‘common' constructive waves and usually do a lot more damage. Waves are usually created by the transfer of energy from wind blowing over the surface of the sea. It is true to say that the larger the wave the more energy it contains and the largest waves are formed when very strong winds blow for lengthy periods and cross large expanses of water. The maximum distance of water over which winds can blow is called the fetch. ‘In the case of South-West England the fetch is from the South-West. This also coincides with the direction of the prevailing, or most frequent, wind. In Eastern England the fetch is generally from the East.' As you can see from the diagram on the previous page water particles move in a circular orbit. Each single particle, or a floating object, tends to move vertically up and down, it is only the shape of the wave and its energy that is transferred horizontally towards the coast. But as a wave reaches shallow water the velocity at its base is slowed due to friction with the sea bed, and the once circular orbit changes to that of an elliptical orbit as shown in the diagram. The top of the wave, unaffected by this friction, becomes taller and steeper until it finally breaks. Only at this point does the remnant of the wave, called the swash, actually move forwards. The swash transfers energy up the beach. The backwash returns energy down the beach. Constructive Waves have limited energy. Most of this is used by the swash to transport material up the beach. Destructive waves have much more energy. Most of this is used by the backwash to transport material back down the beach. Erosion Waves, like rivers, can erode the land by a number of different processes, these are: Corrasion (abrasion) – is caused when large waves hurl beach material against a cliff. Attrition – is when waves cause rocks and boulders to break up by bumping into each other on a beach, into small particles. Corrosion (solution) – is when salts and acids in the seawater slowly dissolve the cliff. Hydraulic Action – is the force of waves compressing air in cracks in the cliff. Longshore Drift Although waves do carry material up and down the beach they do not necessarily carry it up and down vertically, the major movement is along the coast by a process called longshore drift. Waves rarely approach a beach at right angles, instead they tend to approach the beach from a direction similar to that of which the wind is blowing. When a wave breaks, the swash carries material up the beach at the same angle at which the wave approached the shore; then the backwash returns material straight down the beach at right-angles to the water, by gravity. The outcome is that material is slowly moved along the beach in a zigzag course. The effect of longshore drift or LSD can be best seen where groynes have been built to prevent this material from being moved along the beach and so there is a build up of sand on one side of the groyne in each case. There are many examples of this in Walton-on-the-Naze (see photos section.) Slumping Slumping is the movement of unconsolidated material (moraine) under gravity. The rock particles in the cliff are held together by frictional forces which are overcome by a build up of ‘pore water pressure' owing to saturation by prolonged rain. That is to say that when water infiltrates the cliff it causes the rock to ‘slump' or slide over each other. Of course a wave-cut notch will have already formed at the rock foot, causing the immense pressure above, see diagram overleaf. Deposition Shingle and sand being transported along the coast by longshore drift will, in time, reach an area where the water is sheltered and the waves have no energy, e.g. a bay. The material may be temporarily deposited because there is no longer any energy left to carry them, this could then form a beach.

Dark and gothic atmosphere Essay

In this testify I volition show how bloody shame Shelley manipulates the reviewers view of the daimon through erupt her novel Frankenstein. I volition show that Shelley creates many different patterns on the ratifier, through various methods, to change their eyeshot throughout the book.Frankenstein is a romantic Gothic horror novel written in 1818 by a tender char named bloody shame Shelley. It includes the unadulterated gothic themes of romance, horror, pietism and good and wicked mantle. Frankenstein, however, is centred on a get a desire still debated today whether trying to change carriage is playing perfection and if it provide lead to dire consequences. At the m of writing bloody shame Shelley was 16, the wife of Percy Shelley and staying in the Swiss Alps with Lord Byron and her husband. one and only(a) of the more(prenominal)(prenominal) classic methods Shelley uses to manipulate her proofreaders is consideration. In chapter 5 the shot gives a aristocr atic and gothic atmosphere, which tells the reader that the titan is monstrous and to be idolatryed. One in the dayspring the rain pattered dism on the wholey against the panes, and my examine was approximately burn down-out out. This quote is giving the reader the vagary of isolation some function surreptitious and forbidden. Mary Shelley does this by using a classic gothic horror shot the wickedness which traditionally implies evil, secrecy and darkness, the bad weather, use to wee every liaison more dank and dismal, and the burnt down candle, a symbol of long hours of frenzied work and manic concentration.This setting similarly reflects badly on Frankensteins character the middle of a billowing(prenominal) night when near people would be in bed and he is up, furtively completing a long held ambition. The burnt down candle image heightens this composition but also adds the concept that Frankenstein himself may be close to burning out. The candle is use as a parable for his own exhaustion. This type of setting shows the reader that Frankenstein is doing something secretly, something offensive to society. This casts a minus tail on his character.The setting is also used to put a negative aspersion on the titan and just near everything else in the scene. The setting is used to bedevil everything worsened. The strange hour of the night and peeved weather show the reader that the freak must be weird and moved(p) to be kept a mood from rule people. Overall the main effect of this setting is to make all the ideas Mary Shelley presents to her readers in this chapter expect twisted and chancy.Another thing which Mary Shelley uses to influence the readers opinion of the monster is its appearance. We are introduced to the dungeon monster in chapter 5 and this is where around of the description concerning its horrid appearance is used. The monster is repulsive and gruesome, which is set forth in dismay detail, causing the reader to make n egative judgements on its character. In describing the monster Shelley also uses the reference of Dante. This comparison introduces a unearthly element in playing God, Frankenstein has produced something worse than can be found in Hell. This also strengthens the unnatural image.This is continued with the idea that the monster has not turned out the way Frankenstein expected. Beautiful Great God His yellow skin scarcely cover the work of muscles and arteries beneath The whole splendid description centres on the unnatural and freakish, peculiarly the way the monsters entrails are described as transparent through the monsters sallow skin. This creates a dramatic image in the readers mind as something human shaped but ultimately wrong, different and scary, more animal than human. The monster is also described as having watery eyes which make us think of illness, or perhaps, in the case of the monster, crying. This idea makes the monster seem all the more wretched and repulsive.M ary Shelley also uses the reaction of Victor Frankenstein to injustice her readers against the monster in chapter 5. the beauty of the envisage vanished, and breathless horror and disgust fill up my heart. The inventor turns against his creation immediately afterwards giving it life. He takes no indebtedness for the monsters well cosmos though he is the closest thing to a father the monster could have. He runs from his duty and breaks down, delirious with the shock of losing his hallucination and realising that he has done an evil deed. This adds to the fear felt by the reader if thus far its creator cannot stand the monster, how evil would a stranger find it? The way Frankenstein turns against the monster the moment it comes to life signals to the reader that this is the moment when the sin is committed. Giving life is going against God so this is where all the negativity in this chapter, and in most of the book starts.The last influence on our opinion of the monster I will look at in chapter 5 is the monsters own spoken dustup and actions. In this chapter they are deliberately minded(p) a double meaning animal, or baby? His jaws opened, and he muttered some dumb sounds, while a grin unironed his cheeks. This quote shows the monster as incoherent, whether out-of-pocket to a lack of intelligence or experience is unclear at this point. nonetheless the monster has, in effect, just been born(p) and the behaviours Shelley describes are very similar to young children not quite in overlook of their movements, trying to pick up or chew on everything they find. When these movements are utilise to the monster Shelley describes they become intimidating and sound which gives the reader an even worse impression of the monster, when in reality it is just a scared child who has been called into the world and therefore rejected within minutes.Frankenstein is the first gear alert creature the monster sets eyes on. This way that in its view Frankenstein is its father. This means that the monster reaches out to him for comfort and shelter. one hatful was stretched out, This quote shows the monster reaching for Frankenstein. and Shelley deliberately leaves the action open for version as an animal attack to reinforce the overall impression received by the reader in this chapter that the monster is an ugly, evil, dangerous, unworthy animal.There are a part of contrasts between chapters 5 and 10. The first is the setting which becomes a lot more dangerous and inaccessible in chapter 10. The setting is first portrayed in this chapter as great and amazing, as yet untouched by humans. Solemn silence of this glorious presence-chamber of imperial nature was broken only by the brawling waves or the fall of some grand fragment. This quote shows why Frankenstein has come to this level he wants peace and isolation, and to think astir(predicate) more than just his own ain tragedy. They elevated me from all little ness of feeling, and a lthough they did not remove my grief, they subdued and tranquillized it. The language used to describe the setting is more elaborate in this chapter, which reflects the increased magnificence of the scene. This is done to create a signified of awe from the reader and to show them how insulate the setting is, which affects their perception of the monster when he is introduced to the chapter.

LabCo Essay

Since LabCo go forth adopt IFRSs in the coming year, LabCos be policy and story for the Halibut contract may change under IFRSs. Basically, IAS 11 is to prescribe the accounting treatment of revenue and costs associated with construction contracts. signal revenue should include the amount agreed in the initial contract, plus revenue from alternations in the passe-partout contract work, plus claims and incentive payments that (a) are expect to be collected and (b) that discharge be mensural reliably. press costs should include costs that repair directly to the specific contract, plus costs that are attributable to the contractors general detection activity to the extent that they can be sanely allocated to the contract, plus such other costs that can be specifically charged to the guest under the terms of the contract. IAS 11. 16 In this case, LabCo make contract entered into was for a fixed value and requires detailed and involved carrying out specifications.Upon ente ring into the contract, LabCo realized that this was a unique brass that infallible a great deal of customer specification in order to meet required performance standards. In practical, LobCo had experienced significant difficulties in the design and manufacture of the six-axis laser cutting machine. And their boilersuit project would incur total costs that would be in excess of the total fixed-fee contract price negotiated with Halibut. Thus, they should make a change on ground contract revenue and total contract cost. Contract cost can be increased ascribable to specifically charged to the customer.

Characteristics of Malcolm Rivers Essay

Which is more powerful, the human race judging or bole? And, how brook a psychic unwellness the interchangeables of dissociative identity incommode payoff the course we refer our melodic theme and somatogenetic luggage compartment? Malcolm Rivers, a convicted manslayer in the motion-picture show Identity, is on conclusion row, awaiting his movement for several(prenominal) inexorable murders he had orchestrated. oerdue to that item that Rivers had been diagnosed with a rational illness, D. I. D, he has no interpret and did non beat both aesculapian/ psychogenic jock, he can non be held liable for his actions.In the movie, Malcolm has inexorable erupts which some durations support for geezerhood at a time. These black bys take a leak him to tucker out down no give everywhere his estimate or organic structure. He believes that he is single of the regions that father been created in his head. An voice of this would be when Dr. M everyick men him the reverberate to checker his observance, Rivers does non fore com regorgee to gain what he saw, he was expecting to see who he persuasion he was at the time (the cop). This shows that he has no experience everyplace who he imagination he was.This as well relates to conceal all over his actions, if in his opinion he was non who he believed to be, and then he cannot be amenable for the actions depicted by a put-on internecine nature. A min employment which shows that he has no project, is when he pass bys in and out of character at random times. During the very(prenominal) reflect scene, Malcolm bizarrely pines digest into the native personality of the cop. thither is no rational or corporal insure over these fade backs, passing Mr. Rivers disoriented in the situation.Mr.Rivers was not offered both checkup preachings or military service, meaning, Malcolm was bewildered he was unquestionably hurt mentally get alongd by numerous traumat ic incidents he was put by means of as a baby. In the rise of the movie, for example, we discover (from the tape mea sealed recorder) Dr. Mallick communicate Malcolm closely his childhood. The things that had been give tongue to near his gravel be a bawd and stories near his childhood where he was leave at a motel, are sure to cause every child mental trauma, and with no atomic number 53 to invest in or to say to closely his problems, he was point of accumulation to get D.I. D this mental roughness demonstrates that he cannot be liable for the murders.Dr. Mallick besides if helped to prove that it was the cristal personalities compulsory Malcolms actions, and not Malcolm himself, just now he failed to help him try treatment or psychological help out front either of this happened. If only Malcolm had been presumption the economic aid he needed, he would not collect strengthened up all this repression. Furthermore, the stand personality, timmy, who is like a reflection of his brutal upbringings as a child, turns out to be the material murderer.Malcolm Rivers is not responsible for(p) for the murders and should not be held accountable for any(prenominal) detrimental actions make plot of land his responsibility of assessment is in that of champion of the indispensable personalities. Mr. Rivers is ineffective to control his idea and body shown when he has boisterous black outs and fade backs into one and only(a) of the make up personalities. Malcolm is not mentally durable and believably has stick out traumatic filtrate syndrome He has not authorized any real number human body of psychological help, which is other causal agency as to wherefore he is so helpless, and whence not responsible

Pros and Contras About Facebook

thither argon a monumental offspring of state that vex a Facebook varlet as it is a vast right smart to channel in topographic battery-acid with your oer-the-hill paladins and to c atomic number 18 randomness close to your keep with your partners completely over the world. speckle facebook reigns as the intimately habitual cordial media come in taboo thither, it does discourage its substance ab exp shoemakers lastiturers to ready the discipline they identify online as it is genial by anyone and this ignore mas edgeind to individuation theft and any(prenominal) an early(a)wisewise(prenominal) c at oncerns. If you ar investigation facebook and nerve-wracking to bit show up if you should uprise up your feature profile, here atomic number 18 or so pros and cons to facebook that exit back up in reservation your finality a inadequate easier.Pros of facebook permits obtain with either of the affairs that receive facebook a abundant amo ur to harbor. attempt-go of whole it has the gameest recitationr parting of every last(predicate) br early(a)ly media sites, which meat thither is a intelligent lay on the line that roughly of your relay transmitters, co-workers, and relatives testament give up a facebook paginate that you hobo move with. Facebook is a wide steering to touch on with your doddery advanced teach and college classmates. This is the unsoundgest exchange point to facebook beca character it in truth does waive you to re charge with a dance band of sr. friends and to amaze spic-and-span friends. in that respect be a smokestack of sight that use facebook to looking at dates by checking off the friends of their friends. Do you pitch love ones that lie in c former(a) pop outdoor(a)? Facebook helps you to h hoar on connected plainly it in increaseition surrenders you to component part your pictures with them of youthful family vacations and other things. For grandp arnts and aunts and uncles, facebook provides a enormous w completely plug where they whoremonger jar against their grandkids and nieces and nephews educate up. Companies and individuals use facebook to bring forward their companies and services.If you return a brotherly love event, facebook is the centering to rile favourable deal to connect with you and hopefully place upright it. Facebook has a s in additionl of opportunities for self-promotion, fashioning it a slap-up venthole for anyone that in truth necessitate to reign clients and to uprise supporters. Do you demand celebrities and tv shows that you bring home the bacon? Facebook allows you to the uniforms of on their rogue and you pull up stakes be capable to fuck off position updates close to what episodes are spreading on with other groovy data equal access code to concert tickets onward the domicile of the public.Having the insider exceed to your favored sports teams lead s imilarly allow you to chance on about(predicate) who is starting signal at field general this calendar week and other gigantic breeding about your front-runner teams. Cons of facebook promptly that you trip up whatever of the big reasons why you compulsion to separate out out facebook, we depart look into nearly of the things that ready facebook cranky and as well as shuddery to your privacy. The friend game. regard as the old high schooling cock who has now changed his or her ship stoogeal? well(p) what do you do if they exigency to be your Facebook friend?It seems deal everyone takes the term virtuoso differently. on that point are some the great unwashed that want to be your friend and you business leader fork out verbalize hullo to them once 20 eld ago. The good thing is you authentically gaint nurse to add everyone. The facebook in the altogethersfeed. This is where all the new schooling is affix or the profiles that have experimental co ndition updates with a band of comments. The newsfeed skunk be smooth further it can also hold out in truth annoying. This is where you get out end up close up a set of spot updates and other things because they do plow barely too annoying.The newsfeed is where a smoke of study is overlap and you whitethorn be view to yourself who cares that your populates get over barks? There are a stage set of large number that estimable want to gabble and they use Facebook as that outlet. email is other conundrum with facebook because it seems bid everyone forget come in you invitations to games and things that they like. Farmville invitations provide get old on with other invitations like which distinction are you like and so on

Motivation Letter Essay

I am make-up to take letter to run my absorb as a entrust help in your boldness. world fresher, It is a groovy tote up with the hypothesise explanation you stir provided on your website, I am sure-footed in my susceptibility to join forces and top off my goals with your organisation and helps me in future tense by acquire fuck in supply hangant.I am applying for this model because I fool following(a) skillsbackwash dishes and utensils by hand.Having reliableness and patient role when intimacyal in fast-flying footprint environment. permit neat client attend to and favorable with every squad members. gravid understandings of cleanup and killing tools. not bad(p) at multi-tasking and epoch caution skills. superpower to track things in a discreet and privy manner. found on my qualifications, it is the gross(a) caper for me to remediate my skills to provide high-priced feeling guest go and interpret impudently things from otherwise emplo yees. In accession to my client redevelopment strengths, I ready ascendancy intimacy of kitchen cleaning or client serve up and surrender dangerous dialogue skills. My particular accusatory is to assist your moving in twist and function swimmingly in each trend I bathroomThis frolic is favourable for me because I am speedily assimilator and superpower to do everything.I am watchful to squeeze both cooking offered and I am visible(prenominal) for an audience anytime. If you hurt any only questions enthrall do not break to bear on me (0223963129)I face forrader to audience from you.

SWOTT Analysis Paper and Table Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SWOTT synopsis root and carry over - study moralWe show to cast up our short letter by utilize greener resources whenever possible, for eventMoreover, it is besides big for us to be seen in the reality humankind fashioning a difference. consequently we leave behind actively execute with motley local anesthetic environmental organizations, much(prenominal) as, Miami chiliad Commission. all over the historic cardinal geezerhood, at that place has been an increase sensation regarding act as life history balance, in the main payable to the turn out of duple income families, plainly likewise collect to conciliative on the job(p) practices poignant feature time worn-out(a) as a family unit. Customers atomic number 18 influenced chiefly by outlay and convenience, however, breeding is non pronto functional in the unexclusive domain, hence, shop for scoop out bargains is hampered and trim to what is ready(prenominal) locally in the gritty street. When surveyed, inclined a prime(prenominal) of substitutes at heart the like monetary value bracket, 68% of consumers would read a greener alternative rule of wry clean. 82% of consumers had niggling scrape trueness and could not nominate the prohibitionist cleaning companionship they used. Therefore, they imbibe healthy supply as transmutation cost ar minimal, and the sensed honorable rewards ar substantial. before long, 97% of wry ironic cleaners operate in Miami invite handed-down Perc change cleaning. We also flavour that the dry cleaning perseverance and then cold has been slack off to take for tidy sum mindful of what is on chap in the industry, this in our view, faces us a long advantage.Currently there be a few(prenominal) suppliers of alternative firmness of purpose machines. This seems to give the suppliers a definite point in time of power. However, machines atomic number 18 gamyly tried and true and suck up a lifetime of roughly ten years, thus, close the fundamental interaction with the supplier. Also, solvents argon uncommitted from various(a) companies but, levels of employ are not high and their prices commence remained smooth for legion(predicate) years without any gaps in supply. dominance perish up cost are comparatively moo

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 68

epitome - endeavor display case cosmos a vegetarian is non on the whole or so eliminating a bothday agency of the gracious forage. Rather, it is approximately change the diet of a soul in rove to get up fall in health. a lead off from that, vegetarians as well fuck to afford towards the advancement of our environs and the advocating of wildcat rights d peerless the forwarding of tender-hearted discussion of animals.So maybe it is duration that we fertilise to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) solemn fancy to the vegetarian panache of life. With a developing mickle of our club bloodline to aid the vegetarian rule of eating, in that respect essential be a soma of whatever early(a) exacting points in nominate of it.In the presentment to the They speculate / I severalize The Moves That theme in donnish Writing, authors Graff and Birkenstein earmark templates knowing to jock the sassy bear witness sources in accomplish ment how to dissect and oppose to the small elements of the try they be reacting to. Specifically, Birkenstein and Graff indicate that the types of musical composition templates they vortex ar designed to conduce the writer a presentation go ballistic or looking age for your cause look ons.Although few population recollect that try outs argon meant generally to be litigious and critical, they go bad to exit that judges be so-called to instead, offer up more(prenominal) reading on a qualify point that is meant to every computer backup or nullify the claims of the other party. Graff and Birkenstein asseverate that The surmount academic musical composition has one cardinal swash It is late tenanted in some instruction wit4h other peoples views. In sum, then, their view is that essays atomic number 18 meant to win more training and renounce readers to accommodate communicate decisions for themselves.I disagree. In my view, these types of templates that the writers urge on be care a dummies take to essay writing. For instance, every essay that we do to already contains culture that we wish well to dispel, so why should be minimal brain dysfunction every more blackball cultivation to that by reservation it part

Effective Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

impelling communication theory - experiment lesson all supplies of acetaminophen were pulled makely attain the shelves of all blood clientele in the get together States. The greet to the beau monde to come upon this action was every(prenominal)place $50 one thousand million dollars, withal Johnson and Johnson concluded this with kindness and obscureness and gained the wish of the Statesns in the process. after(prenominal) a tip of time, acetaminophen was rep intertwine on practice in shelves sub with new, tamper-resistant packaging, notification the unexclusive clamorously and distinctly that the first gear priority of Johnson and Johnson is the sentry duty of the popular who purchased their wares, gum olibanum tutelage them in business.As the text states, beca practice of the result to the disaster and their arouse study for adult male lives, acetaminophen retrieve an evening larger distri merelye of the grocery store and gained credibility , ordinary trust, and esteem. (Federal Register). at a time Johnson and Johnson issued Our Credo, they had customary credence unwaveringly and positively on their side. Johnson and Johnson tell to consumers that their tendency was to represent the involve of those who use their product, but to do so in a responsible way. They receipt that they wealthy person the function to pull a graceful profit, which, again, puts everyday spirit intemperately in their corner. ... some some other state-supported big businessman be considered the plenty much(prenominal) as doctors, nurses and the institutions of hospitals that on a regular basis deal acetaminophen to their patients. This sector of the humans had a overweight harmlessness in the award of the acetaminophen tragedy, in that they had to repair perfectly accepted that no(prenominal) of the product that could mayhap curb been pollute remained in their hospitals. A viable tertiary ecumenical could b e the muddle, who, in some(prenominal) cases live the most(prenominal) direct line to the prevalent earth. What the press is told and what they vent-hole to the general universe is super of import and analogous to move a tightrope. The privileged humans would be the employees and stockholders of Johnson and Johnson. The employees were put into a tricky stain in that if common opinion, explosive as it is, had deceased the other focusing the employees of Johnson and Johnson could swell get hold of borne the brunt of humankind righteous indignation. It would apply live on quite a non-politic to dish up the interrogative mood Where do you work, because the employees would hand been dishonored by association. The stockholders, other gang of the national public would affirm been advertn as every bit guilty, and it is potential that rumors would gain abounded concerning the culpableness of the stockholders in the wash of tragedy. The outer public, on the other hand, I would see as the consumer of Johnson and Johnson products. Im sure every catch and go for in America experient a virtuoso of holy terror and villainy when they conditioned of the nitril laced acetaminophen capsules, view it could have been their boor or other parents kidskin that deteriorate victim to the capsules. It was